Thermal Engineering / Thermodynamics
The study of Heat energy and its transformations is Thermodynamics
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or to transfer heat.
Work is an energy utilized to cause an object with mass to move.
Heat is an energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase or decrease.
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion, represented by the equation:
Ek = 1/2 mv2
Atoms and molecules have mass and are in motion, therefore they have kinetic energy.
Potential energy is an energy of position, based on the relative position of one object with another.
Gravitational potential energy is represented by the equation:
Ep = mgh
Gravitational force near the surface of the Earth, accelerates all objects at a rate equal to the gravitational constant, g, 9.8 m/s2.
Steam nozzle
Device to increase KE of steam with the expense of Enthalpy .(HE converted into KE)
Isentropic - at nozzle entrance vel is low but pr. Is high. The steam expands and pr. Drops vel. Increased. NO heat supplied from sys or rejected to sys (ext. source). The total drop in Heat is utilized to increase KE (gain)and not to do any ext. work. Work Done by steam by itself = Heat drop (rankine area). Gain in KE = Rankine area. Steam leaves at outlet of Nozzle at low pr.bur with very high velocity. (ie. Vel. @ inlet is so small compared to outlet so negligible)
Inlet/mouth Exit/back/throat Inlet/mouth Exit/back/throat Inlet throat Exit
Convergent/subsonic Mac < 1 Divergent /super sonic Mac > 1 convergent–Divergent / super sonic Mac > 1
Exit St.Pr. Back pressure
Appl.
Steam impulse turbine at inlet to increase vel. Of steam jet.
In ejector to remove air from condenser
In injector in supplying feed water to Boilers
Steam flow measuring device.
The study of Heat energy and its transformations is Thermodynamics
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or to transfer heat.
Work is an energy utilized to cause an object with mass to move.
Heat is an energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase or decrease.
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion, represented by the equation:
Ek = 1/2 mv2
Atoms and molecules have mass and are in motion, therefore they have kinetic energy.
Potential energy is an energy of position, based on the relative position of one object with another.
Gravitational potential energy is represented by the equation:
Ep = mgh
Gravitational force near the surface of the Earth, accelerates all objects at a rate equal to the gravitational constant, g, 9.8 m/s2.
Steam nozzle
Device to increase KE of steam with the expense of Enthalpy .(HE converted into KE)
Isentropic - at nozzle entrance vel is low but pr. Is high. The steam expands and pr. Drops vel. Increased. NO heat supplied from sys or rejected to sys (ext. source). The total drop in Heat is utilized to increase KE (gain)and not to do any ext. work. Work Done by steam by itself = Heat drop (rankine area). Gain in KE = Rankine area. Steam leaves at outlet of Nozzle at low pr.bur with very high velocity. (ie. Vel. @ inlet is so small compared to outlet so negligible)
Inlet/mouth Exit/back/throat Inlet/mouth Exit/back/throat Inlet throat Exit
Convergent/subsonic Mac < 1 Divergent /super sonic Mac > 1 convergent–Divergent / super sonic Mac > 1
Exit St.Pr. Back pressure
Appl.
Steam impulse turbine at inlet to increase vel. Of steam jet.
In ejector to remove air from condenser
In injector in supplying feed water to Boilers
Steam flow measuring device.